Tambourine作業メモ

主にスキル習得のためにやった作業のメモ。他人には基本的に無用のものです。

Rails チュートリアルをやってみる(7) 3.1〜3.3 静的なページとコントローラーのテスト

3章を始める。これから作るサンプルは、長くいじることになるらしい。

3.1

> bundle exec rails _5.1.6_ new sample_app --skip-bundle
      create  
      create  README.md
      create  Rakefile
      create  config.ru
      create  .gitignore
      create  Gemfile
         run  git init from "."
Initialized empty Git repository in /Users/tambara/study/rails_study/sample_app/.git/
      create  app
      create  app/assets/config/manifest.js
      create  app/assets/javascripts/application.js
      create  app/assets/javascripts/cable.js
      create  app/assets/stylesheets/application.css
      create  app/channels/application_cable/channel.rb
      create  app/channels/application_cable/connection.rb
      create  app/controllers/application_controller.rb
      create  app/helpers/application_helper.rb
      create  app/jobs/application_job.rb
      create  app/mailers/application_mailer.rb
      create  app/models/application_record.rb
      create  app/views/layouts/application.html.erb
      create  app/views/layouts/mailer.html.erb
      create  app/views/layouts/mailer.text.erb
      create  app/assets/images/.keep
      create  app/assets/javascripts/channels
      create  app/assets/javascripts/channels/.keep
      create  app/controllers/concerns/.keep
      create  app/models/concerns/.keep
      create  bin
      create  bin/bundle
      create  bin/rails
      create  bin/rake
      create  bin/setup
      create  bin/update
      create  bin/yarn
      create  config
      create  config/routes.rb
      create  config/application.rb
      create  config/environment.rb
      create  config/secrets.yml
      create  config/cable.yml
      create  config/puma.rb
      create  config/spring.rb
      create  config/environments
      create  config/environments/development.rb
      create  config/environments/production.rb
      create  config/environments/test.rb
      create  config/initializers
      create  config/initializers/application_controller_renderer.rb
      create  config/initializers/assets.rb
      create  config/initializers/backtrace_silencers.rb
      create  config/initializers/cookies_serializer.rb
      create  config/initializers/cors.rb
      create  config/initializers/filter_parameter_logging.rb
      create  config/initializers/inflections.rb
      create  config/initializers/mime_types.rb
      create  config/initializers/new_framework_defaults_5_1.rb
      create  config/initializers/wrap_parameters.rb
      create  config/locales
      create  config/locales/en.yml
      create  config/boot.rb
      create  config/database.yml
      create  db
      create  db/seeds.rb
      create  lib
      create  lib/tasks
      create  lib/tasks/.keep
      create  lib/assets
      create  lib/assets/.keep
      create  log
      create  log/.keep
      create  public
      create  public/404.html
      create  public/422.html
      create  public/500.html
      create  public/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png
      create  public/apple-touch-icon.png
      create  public/favicon.ico
      create  public/robots.txt
      create  test/fixtures
      create  test/fixtures/.keep
      create  test/fixtures/files
      create  test/fixtures/files/.keep
      create  test/controllers
      create  test/controllers/.keep
      create  test/mailers
      create  test/mailers/.keep
      create  test/models
      create  test/models/.keep
      create  test/helpers
      create  test/helpers/.keep
      create  test/integration
      create  test/integration/.keep
      create  test/test_helper.rb
      create  test/system
      create  test/system/.keep
      create  test/application_system_test_case.rb
      create  tmp
      create  tmp/.keep
      create  tmp/cache
      create  tmp/cache/assets
      create  vendor
      create  vendor/.keep
      create  package.json
      remove  config/initializers/cors.rb
      remove  config/initializers/new_framework_defaults_5_1.rb
> cd sample_app/
> vi Gemfile
> bundle install --without production
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/.........
Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/.
Resolving dependencies....
Using rake 12.3.1
Using concurrent-ruby 1.1.3
Using i18n 1.1.1
Using minitest 5.10.3
Using thread_safe 0.3.6
Using tzinfo 1.2.5
Using activesupport 5.1.6
Using builder 3.2.3
Using erubi 1.7.1
Using mini_portile2 2.3.0
Using nokogiri 1.8.5
Using rails-dom-testing 2.0.3
Using crass 1.0.4
Using loofah 2.2.3
Using rails-html-sanitizer 1.0.4
Using actionview 5.1.6
Using rack 2.0.6
Using rack-test 1.1.0
Using actionpack 5.1.6
Using nio4r 2.3.1
Using websocket-extensions 0.1.3
Using websocket-driver 0.6.5
Using actioncable 5.1.6
Using globalid 0.4.1
Using activejob 5.1.6
Using mini_mime 1.0.1
Using mail 2.7.1
Using actionmailer 5.1.6
Using activemodel 5.1.6
Using arel 8.0.0
Using activerecord 5.1.6
Fetching ansi 1.5.0
Installing ansi 1.5.0
Using bindex 0.5.0
Using bundler 1.17.1
Using byebug 9.0.6
Fetching coderay 1.1.2
Installing coderay 1.1.2
Using coffee-script-source 1.12.2
Using execjs 2.7.0
Using coffee-script 2.4.1
Using method_source 0.9.2
Using thor 0.20.3
Using railties 5.1.6
Using coffee-rails 4.2.2
Using ffi 1.9.25
Fetching formatador 0.2.5
Installing formatador 0.2.5
Using rb-fsevent 0.10.3
Using rb-inotify 0.9.10
Using ruby_dep 1.5.0
Using listen 3.1.5
Fetching lumberjack 1.0.13
Installing lumberjack 1.0.13
Fetching nenv 0.3.0
Installing nenv 0.3.0
Fetching shellany 0.0.1
Installing shellany 0.0.1
Fetching notiffany 0.1.1
Installing notiffany 0.1.1
Fetching pry 0.12.2
Installing pry 0.12.2
Fetching guard 2.13.0
Installing guard 2.13.0
Fetching guard-compat 1.2.1
Installing guard-compat 1.2.1
Fetching guard-minitest 2.4.4
Installing guard-minitest 2.4.4
Using multi_json 1.13.1
Using jbuilder 2.7.0
Using jquery-rails 4.3.1
Fetching ruby-progressbar 1.10.0
Installing ruby-progressbar 1.10.0
Fetching minitest-reporters 1.1.14
Installing minitest-reporters 1.1.14
Using puma 3.9.1
Using sprockets 3.7.2
Using sprockets-rails 3.2.1
Using rails 5.1.6
Fetching rails-controller-testing 1.0.2
Installing rails-controller-testing 1.0.2
Using sass-listen 4.0.0
Using sass 3.7.2
Using tilt 2.0.8
Using sass-rails 5.0.6
Using spring 2.0.2
Using spring-watcher-listen 2.0.1
Using sqlite3 1.3.13
Using turbolinks-source 5.2.0
Using turbolinks 5.0.1
Using uglifier 3.2.0
Using web-console 3.5.1
Bundle complete! 20 Gemfile dependencies, 78 gems now installed.
Gems in the group production were not installed.
Use `bundle info [gemname]` to see where a bundled gem is installed.
> git add --all
> git commit -m "Initialize repository"
(略)

外部のリポジトリにpushするのは面倒なので今回も止める。世の中に死ぬほどあるだろうし。

> vi app/controllers/application_controller.rb 
> vi config/routes.rb 
> git commit -am "Add hello"
[master 9fcb567] Add hello
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
> heroku create
Creating app... done, ⬢ salty-eyrie-75181
https://salty-eyrie-75181.herokuapp.com/ | https://git.heroku.com/salty-eyrie-75181.git
> git push heroku master
Counting objects: 90, done.
Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (76/76), done.
Writing objects: 100% (90/90), 20.32 KiB | 1.20 MiB/s, done.
Total 90 (delta 6), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: Compressing source files... done.
remote: Building source:
remote: 
remote:  !     Warning: Multiple default buildpacks reported the ability to handle this app. The first buildpack in the list below will be used.
remote:             Detected buildpacks: Ruby,Node.js
remote:             See https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/buildpacks#buildpack-detect-order
remote: -----> Ruby app detected
remote: -----> Compiling Ruby/Rails
remote: -----> Using Ruby version: ruby-2.4.5
remote: -----> Installing dependencies using bundler 1.15.2
remote:        Running: bundle install --without development:test --path vendor/bundle --binstubs vendor/bundle/bin -j4 --deployment
remote:        Warning: the running version of Bundler (1.15.2) is older than the version that created the lockfile (1.17.1). We suggest you upgrade to the latest version of Bundler by running `gem install bundler`.
remote:        Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/.........
remote:        Fetching version metadata from https://rubygems.org/..
remote:        Fetching dependency metadata from https://rubygems.org/.
remote:        Fetching rake 12.3.1
remote:        Fetching concurrent-ruby 1.1.3
remote:        Fetching minitest 5.10.3
remote:        Installing minitest 5.10.3
remote:        Installing rake 12.3.1
remote:        Installing concurrent-ruby 1.1.3
remote:        Fetching thread_safe 0.3.6
remote:        Installing thread_safe 0.3.6
remote:        Fetching builder 3.2.3
remote:        Installing builder 3.2.3
remote:        Fetching erubi 1.7.1
remote:        Installing erubi 1.7.1
remote:        Fetching mini_portile2 2.3.0
remote:        Fetching crass 1.0.4
remote:        Installing mini_portile2 2.3.0
remote:        Installing crass 1.0.4
remote:        Fetching rack 2.0.6
remote:        Fetching nio4r 2.3.1
remote:        Fetching websocket-extensions 0.1.3
remote:        Installing rack 2.0.6
remote:        Installing websocket-extensions 0.1.3
remote:        Fetching mini_mime 1.0.1
remote:        Installing nio4r 2.3.1 with native extensions
remote:        Installing mini_mime 1.0.1
remote:        Fetching arel 8.0.0
remote:        Installing arel 8.0.0
remote:        Using bundler 1.15.2
remote:        Fetching coffee-script-source 1.12.2
remote:        Installing coffee-script-source 1.12.2
remote:        Fetching execjs 2.7.0
remote:        Fetching method_source 0.9.2
remote:        Installing execjs 2.7.0
remote:        Installing method_source 0.9.2
remote:        Fetching thor 0.20.3
remote:        Fetching ffi 1.9.25
remote:        Installing thor 0.20.3
remote:        Fetching multi_json 1.13.1
remote:        Installing multi_json 1.13.1
remote:        Installing ffi 1.9.25 with native extensions
remote:        Fetching pg 0.20.0
remote:        Installing pg 0.20.0 with native extensions
remote:        Fetching puma 3.9.1
remote:        Installing puma 3.9.1 with native extensions
remote:        Fetching rb-fsevent 0.10.3
remote:        Installing rb-fsevent 0.10.3
remote:        Fetching tilt 2.0.8
remote:        Installing tilt 2.0.8
remote:        Fetching turbolinks-source 5.2.0
remote:        Installing turbolinks-source 5.2.0
remote:        Fetching tzinfo 1.2.5
remote:        Installing tzinfo 1.2.5
remote:        Fetching nokogiri 1.8.5
remote:        Installing nokogiri 1.8.5 with native extensions
remote:        Fetching i18n 1.1.1
remote:        Installing i18n 1.1.1
remote:        Fetching websocket-driver 0.6.5
remote:        Installing websocket-driver 0.6.5 with native extensions
remote:        Fetching mail 2.7.1
remote:        Installing mail 2.7.1
remote:        Fetching rack-test 1.1.0
remote:        Installing rack-test 1.1.0
remote:        Fetching sprockets 3.7.2
remote:        Installing sprockets 3.7.2
remote:        Fetching coffee-script 2.4.1
remote:        Installing coffee-script 2.4.1
remote:        Fetching uglifier 3.2.0
remote:        Installing uglifier 3.2.0
remote:        Fetching turbolinks 5.0.1
remote:        Installing turbolinks 5.0.1
remote:        Fetching rb-inotify 0.9.10
remote:        Installing rb-inotify 0.9.10
remote:        Fetching activesupport 5.1.6
remote:        Installing activesupport 5.1.6
remote:        Fetching sass-listen 4.0.0
remote:        Installing sass-listen 4.0.0
remote:        Fetching globalid 0.4.1
remote:        Installing globalid 0.4.1
remote:        Fetching activemodel 5.1.6
remote:        Installing activemodel 5.1.6
remote:        Fetching jbuilder 2.7.0
remote:        Installing jbuilder 2.7.0
remote:        Fetching sass 3.7.2
remote:        Installing sass 3.7.2
remote:        Fetching activejob 5.1.6
remote:        Installing activejob 5.1.6
remote:        Fetching activerecord 5.1.6
remote:        Installing activerecord 5.1.6
remote:        Fetching rails-dom-testing 2.0.3
remote:        Fetching loofah 2.2.3
remote:        Installing rails-dom-testing 2.0.3
remote:        Installing loofah 2.2.3
remote:        Fetching rails-html-sanitizer 1.0.4
remote:        Installing rails-html-sanitizer 1.0.4
remote:        Fetching actionview 5.1.6
remote:        Installing actionview 5.1.6
remote:        Fetching actionpack 5.1.6
remote:        Installing actionpack 5.1.6
remote:        Fetching actioncable 5.1.6
remote:        Fetching actionmailer 5.1.6
remote:        Fetching railties 5.1.6
remote:        Installing actioncable 5.1.6
remote:        Installing actionmailer 5.1.6
remote:        Installing railties 5.1.6
remote:        Fetching sprockets-rails 3.2.1
remote:        Installing sprockets-rails 3.2.1
remote:        Fetching jquery-rails 4.3.1
remote:        Fetching coffee-rails 4.2.2
remote:        Fetching rails 5.1.6
remote:        Installing rails 5.1.6
remote:        Installing coffee-rails 4.2.2
remote:        Fetching sass-rails 5.0.6
remote:        Installing sass-rails 5.0.6
remote:        Installing jquery-rails 4.3.1
remote:        Bundle complete! 20 Gemfile dependencies, 57 gems now installed.
remote:        Gems in the groups development and test were not installed.
remote:        Bundled gems are installed into ./vendor/bundle.
remote:        Post-install message from sass:
remote:        
remote:        Ruby Sass is deprecated and will be unmaintained as of 26 March 2019.
remote:        
remote:        * If you use Sass as a command-line tool, we recommend using Dart Sass, the new
remote:          primary implementation: https://sass-lang.com/install
remote:        
remote:        * If you use Sass as a plug-in for a Ruby web framework, we recommend using the
remote:          sassc gem: https://github.com/sass/sassc-ruby#readme
remote:        
remote:        * For more details, please refer to the Sass blog:
remote:          http://sass.logdown.com/posts/7081811
remote:        
remote:        Bundle completed (43.05s)
remote:        Cleaning up the bundler cache.
remote: -----> Installing node-v8.10.0-linux-x64
remote: -----> Detecting rake tasks
remote: -----> Preparing app for Rails asset pipeline
remote:        Running: rake assets:precompile
remote:        Yarn executable was not detected in the system.
remote:        Download Yarn at https://yarnpkg.com/en/docs/install
remote:        I, [2018-11-22T02:24:18.141798 #1380]  INFO -- : Writing /tmp/build_3949dec4a1dcf549174b4a04a8a8dadb/public/assets/application-7e084e44b9a13db0cda25bad2ac6fdbbfe31462ec93176e245cd0bcbc079f436.js
remote:        I, [2018-11-22T02:24:18.142211 #1380]  INFO -- : Writing /tmp/build_3949dec4a1dcf549174b4a04a8a8dadb/public/assets/application-7e084e44b9a13db0cda25bad2ac6fdbbfe31462ec93176e245cd0bcbc079f436.js.gz
remote:        I, [2018-11-22T02:24:18.148641 #1380]  INFO -- : Writing /tmp/build_3949dec4a1dcf549174b4a04a8a8dadb/public/assets/application-e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855.css
remote:        I, [2018-11-22T02:24:18.148797 #1380]  INFO -- : Writing /tmp/build_3949dec4a1dcf549174b4a04a8a8dadb/public/assets/application-e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855.css.gz
remote:        Asset precompilation completed (2.60s)
remote:        Cleaning assets
remote:        Running: rake assets:clean
remote: -----> Detecting rails configuration
remote: 
remote: ###### WARNING:
remote: 
remote:        You have not declared a Ruby version in your Gemfile.
remote:        To set your Ruby version add this line to your Gemfile:
remote:        ruby '2.4.5'
remote:        # See https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/ruby-versions for more information.
remote: 
remote: ###### WARNING:
remote: 
remote:        Detecting rails configuration failed
remote:        set HEROKU_DEBUG_RAILS_RUNNER=1 to debug
remote: 
remote: ###### WARNING:
remote: 
remote:        No Procfile detected, using the default web server.
remote:        We recommend explicitly declaring how to boot your server process via a Procfile.
remote:        https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/ruby-default-web-server
remote: 
remote: 
remote: -----> Discovering process types
remote:        Procfile declares types     -> (none)
remote:        Default types for buildpack -> console, rake, web
remote: 
remote: -----> Compressing...
remote:        Done: 41M
remote: -----> Launching...
remote:        Released v6
remote:        https://salty-eyrie-75181.herokuapp.com/ deployed to Heroku
remote: 
remote: Verifying deploy... done.
To https://git.heroku.com/salty-eyrie-75181.git
 * [new branch]      master -> master

ここまではいままでと同じ。

3.2

まず、ブランチを切る。うん、正しいな。

> git checkout -b static-pages
Switched to a new branch 'static-pages'
> git branch
  master
* static-pages

コントローラーをgenerateする

> bundle exec rails generate controller StaticPages home help
      create  app/controllers/static_pages_controller.rb
       route  get 'static_pages/help'
       route  get 'static_pages/home'
      invoke  erb
      create    app/views/static_pages
      create    app/views/static_pages/home.html.erb
      create    app/views/static_pages/help.html.erb
      invoke  test_unit
      create    test/controllers/static_pages_controller_test.rb
      invoke  helper
      create    app/helpers/static_pages_helper.rb
      invoke    test_unit
      invoke  assets
      invoke    coffee
      create      app/assets/javascripts/static_pages.coffee
      invoke    scss
      create      app/assets/stylesheets/static_pages.scss

これでテンプレは作られる

3.2.1の演習をやってみよう。Fooというコントローラーを作って、消す。

> bundle exec rails g controller Foo bar baz
      create  app/controllers/foo_controller.rb
       route  get 'foo/baz'
       route  get 'foo/bar'
      invoke  erb
      create    app/views/foo
      create    app/views/foo/bar.html.erb
      create    app/views/foo/baz.html.erb
      invoke  test_unit
      create    test/controllers/foo_controller_test.rb
      invoke  helper
      create    app/helpers/foo_helper.rb
      invoke    test_unit
      invoke  assets
      invoke    coffee
      create      app/assets/javascripts/foo.coffee
      invoke    scss
      create      app/assets/stylesheets/foo.scss
> bundle exec rails destroy controller Foo bar baz
      remove  app/controllers/foo_controller.rb
       route  get 'foo/baz'
       route  get 'foo/bar'
      invoke  erb
      remove    app/views/foo
      remove    app/views/foo/bar.html.erb
      remove    app/views/foo/baz.html.erb
      invoke  test_unit
      remove    test/controllers/foo_controller_test.rb
      invoke  helper
      remove    app/helpers/foo_helper.rb
      invoke    test_unit
      invoke  assets
      invoke    coffee
      remove      app/assets/javascripts/foo.coffee
      invoke    scss
      remove      app/assets/stylesheets/foo.scss

ふむ。

表示されるページの内容は、app/views/static_pages/home.html.erbなどを変更すれば変えられる。 チュートリアルの通りに変更して、表示を確認しておく。

3.3

テストだ。10年前に触ったときは、まだRSpecは生まれたてホヤホヤだった。なので、Railsのテスト周りはなんもしらない。

自動生成されたコントローラーのテストはこうなってる。test/controllers/static_pages_controller_test.rb

require 'test_helper'

class StaticPagesControllerTest < ActionDispatch::IntegrationTest
  test "should get home" do
    get static_pages_home_url
    assert_response :success
  end

  test "should get help" do
    get static_pages_help_url
    assert_response :success
  end

end

全然意味わからない。いや、やりたいことの意味はわかるけど、getは何をするメソッドで、static_pages_home_urlってどこで作られるの?まあ、別にこれに限った話じゃないんだけど。

とりあえず、グリーンであることを確かめる。アプリのトップでテストを実行してみよう。

> bundle exec rails test
/Users/tambara/study/rails_study/sample_app/db/schema.rb doesn't exist yet. Run `rails db:migrate` to create it, then try again. If you do not intend to use a database, you should instead alter /Users/tambara/study/rails_study/sample_app/config/application.rb to limit the frameworks that will be loaded.
Run options: --seed 49031

# Running:

..

Finished in 0.642428s, 3.1132 runs/s, 3.1132 assertions/s.

2 runs, 2 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors, 0 skips

まだDBがありまへんけど?とツッコミが入るが、実行は出来る。何が実行されたのかさっぱりわからないので、指定してみる。

> bundle exec rails t test/controllers/static_pages_controller_test.rb 
/Users/tambara/study/rails_study/sample_app/db/schema.rb doesn't exist yet. Run `rails db:migrate` to create it, then try again. If you do not intend to use a database, you should instead alter /Users/tambara/study/rails_study/sample_app/config/application.rb to limit the frameworks that will be loaded.
Run options: --seed 49255

# Running:

..

Finished in 0.536100s, 3.7306 runs/s, 3.7306 assertions/s.

2 runs, 2 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors, 0 skips

テストが一個しかないのか、おんなじだった。まあ、実行の仕方はこれでいいんだろう。

チュートリアルに従って、HelpをコピってAboutのテストを作って、レッドにしてみる。

> bundle exec rails t test/controllers/static_pages_controller_test.rb 
/Users/tambara/study/rails_study/sample_app/db/schema.rb doesn't exist yet. Run `rails db:migrate` to create it, then try again. If you do not intend to use a database, you should instead alter /Users/tambara/study/rails_study/sample_app/config/application.rb to limit the frameworks that will be loaded.
Run options: --seed 20205

# Running:

E..

Finished in 0.615610s, 4.8732 runs/s, 3.2488 assertions/s.

  1) Error:
StaticPagesControllerTest#test_should_get_about:
NameError: undefined local variable or method `static_pages_about_url' for #<StaticPagesControllerTest:0x00007ff1784b0cf0>
    test/controllers/static_pages_controller_test.rb:15:in `block in <class:StaticPagesControllerTest>'

3 runs, 2 assertions, 0 failures, 1 errors, 0 skips

static_pages_about_urlなんか知らんと言っている。うん私もしらん。

これはルーティングをセットすれば良いらしい。

Rails.application.routes.draw do
  get 'static_pages/home'
  get 'static_pages/help'
  get 'static_pages/about'

  root 'application#hello'
end

もう一度、テストしてみる。

> bundle exec rails t test/controllers/static_pages_controller_test.rb 
(略)
# Running:

..E

Finished in 0.563292s, 5.3258 runs/s, 3.5506 assertions/s.

  1) Error:
StaticPagesControllerTest#test_should_get_about:
AbstractController::ActionNotFound: The action 'about' could not be found for StaticPagesController
    test/controllers/static_pages_controller_test.rb:15:in `block in <class:StaticPagesControllerTest>'

アクションがないと言ってる。ということは、static_pages_about_urlは見つかったのかな?

とりあえず、アクション足して再実行。

> bundle exec rails t test/controllers/static_pages_controller_test.rb 
(略)
# Running:

.E.

Finished in 0.709277s, 4.2297 runs/s, 2.8198 assertions/s.

  1) Error:
StaticPagesControllerTest#test_should_get_about:
ActionController::UnknownFormat: StaticPagesController#about is missing a template for this request format and variant.

request.formats: ["text/html"]
request.variant: []

NOTE! For XHR/Ajax or API requests, this action would normally respond with 204 No Content: an empty white screen. Since you're loading it in a web browser, we assume that you expected to actually render a template, not nothing, so we're showing an error to be extra-clear. If you expect 204 No Content, carry on. That's what you'll get from an XHR or API request. Give it a shot.
    test/controllers/static_pages_controller_test.rb:15:in `block in <class:StaticPagesControllerTest>'

3 runs, 2 assertions, 0 failures, 1 errors, 0 skips

missing a templateって言ってる。そうだね。app/views/static_pages/about.html.erbを作ってやろう。touchで空のファイルを作る。さて、またテスト。

> bundle exec rails t test/controllers/static_pages_controller_test.rb 
(略)

# Running:

...

Finished in 0.600782s, 4.9935 runs/s, 4.9935 assertions/s.

3 runs, 3 assertions, 0 failures, 0 errors, 0 skips

グリーンになった。